H?k?le?a is a performance-accurate wa?a kaulua, a Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe. Launched on 8 March 1975 by the Polynesian Voyaging Society, she is best known for her 1976 Hawai?i to Tahiti voyage completed with exclusively Polynesian navigation techniques The primary goal of the voyage was to explore the anthropological theory of the Asiatic origin of native Oceanic people (Oceania maps: detail, region), of Polynesians and Hawaiians in particular, as the result of purposeful trips through the Pacific, as opposed to passive drifting on currents, or sailing from the Americas. (DNA analysis illuminates this theory.) A secondary project goal was to have the canoe and voyage "serve as vehicles for the cultural revitalization of Hawaiians and other Polynesians".
Between the 1976 voyage and 2009, H?k?le'a completed nine additional voyages to Micronesia, Polynesia, Japan, Canada and the mainland United States, all using ancient wayfinding techniques of celestial navigation. On 19 January 2007, H?k?le'a left Hawai?i with the voyaging canoe Alingano Maisu on a voyage through Micronesia (map) and ports in southern Japan. The voyage was expected to take five months. On 9 June 2007, H?k?le'a completed the "One Ocean, One People" voyage to Yokohama, Japan. On April 5, 2009, H?k?le'a returned to Honolulu following a roundtrip training sail to Palmyra Atoll, undertaken to develop skills of potential crewmembers for H?k?le'a's eventual circumnavigation of the earth.
On May 18, 2014, H?k?le'a and her sister vessel, Hikianalia embarked from Oahu for "Malama Honua", a three-year circumnavigation of the earth. She returned to port in Hawaii on June 17, 2017. The journey covered 47,000 nautical miles with stops at 85 ports in 26 countries.
In between voyages, H?k?le'a is moored at the Marine Education Training Center (METC) of Honolulu Community College in Honolulu Harbor.
Video H?k?le?a
Construction
Polynesian voyaging canoes were made from wood, whereas H?k?le'a incorporates plywood, fiberglass and resin. H?k?le'a measures 61 feet 5 inches (18.7 m) LOA, 15 feet 6 inches (4.72 m) at beam, displaces 16,000 pounds (7,260 kg) when empty and can carry another 11,000 pounds (4,990 kg) of gear, supplies and 12 to 16 crew. Fully laden, with her 540-square-foot (50.2 m2) sail area, she is capable of speeds of 4 to 6 knots (5 to 7 mph; 7 to 10 km/h) while reaching in 15-to-25-knot (17 to 29 mph; 28 to 46 km/h) trade winds. Her twin masts are rigged either crab claw or Marconi style with a small jib. She is steered with a long paddle. She has no auxiliary motor. Her escort vessel tows her into harbor when necessary. Her name means "star of gladness" in Hawaiian, which refers to Arcturus, a guiding zenith star for Hawaiian navigators. Arcturus passes directly overhead at Hawai?i's latitude, helping sailors find the islands.
Maps H?k?le?a
Pius "Mau" Piailug
H?k?le'a navigates without instruments. In 1975, no Hawaiian living knew the ancient techniques for blue water voyaging. To enable the voyage, the Polynesian Voyaging Society recruited the Satawalese Master Navigator Mau Piailug (of the Weriyeng school in the Caroline Islands (map) of the Federated States of Micronesia (map)) to share his knowledge of non-instrument navigation. While as many as six Micronesian navigators had mastered these traditional methods as of the mid-1970s, only Mau was willing to share his knowledge.
Mau, who "barely spoke English", decided that by reaching beyond his own culture, sharing what had been closely guarded knowledge, he could possibly save it from extinction. Through this collaboration, Mau's mentorship helped "spark pride in the Hawaiian and Polynesian culture", leading to "a renaissance of voyaging, canoe building, and non-instrument navigation that has continued to grow, spreading across Polynesia (map) and reaching to its far corners of Aotearoa, New Zealand and Rapanui, Easter Island".
Voyages
Inaugural voyage (1976)
Led by Captain Elia David Ku?ualoha "Kawika" Kapahulehua* and Navigator Pius "Mau" Piailug, a Yapese master navigator.*, H?k?le?a departed Honolua Bay, Maui, Hawai?i for Pape?ete, Tahiti, (voyage map) as part of the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. Mau navigated from Hawaii to Tahiti without instruments. The return leg employed western instruments (compass, nautical charts, sextant, chronometer, dividers, parallel rulers, pencil, nautical almanac).
- Honolua Bay, Maui, Hawai?i (map), United States - Pape?ete, Tahiti (map), Society Islands (map), French Polynesia (map)
- 1 May 1976 to 4 June 1976
- The crew for this leg was as follows:'Navigator: Mau Piailug; Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Clifford Ah Mow*, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Ben R. Finney, Charles Tommy Holmes*, Sam Kalalau*, Boogie Kalama, Buffalo Keaulana, John Kruse, Douglas "Dukie" Kuahulu*, David Henry Lewis*, David B. K. "Dave" Lyman III*, William "Billy" Richards, Rodo Tuku Williams.*
- Pape?ete, Tahiti, French Polynesia - Hawai?i, United States
- 5 July 1976 to 26 July 1976
- The crew for the return voyage was: Navigator: James "Kimo" Lyman; Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Andy Espirto*, Mel Kinney, Francis Kainoa Lee, Gordon Pi?ianai?a, Leonard Puputauiki, Penny Rawlins, Keani Reiner*, Charles Nainoa "Nainoa" Thompson, Maka'ala Yates, Ben Young.
Kealaikahiki project (1977)
In English, the Hawaiian "Ke ala i kahiki" means "the path to Tahiti." The "Kealaikahiki Project" recreated the traditional Kealaikahiki Point departure of ancient voyages to Tahiti. Gordon Pi?ianai?a's idea to recreate traditional departures took H?k?le?a southeast, across Kealaikahiki Channel between L?na?i and Kaho?olawe Islands, past Kealaikahiki Point, into the ?Alenuih?h? Channel and the northeast trade winds. The object was to determine whether H?k?le?a, departing from west of the 1976 departure point, would bisect the more easterly 1976 voyage track, and so likely reach Tahiti were she to continue. After heading south for two days, H?k?le?a did not bisect the 1976 voyage track, but likely would have (further south than anticipated). She came about and returned to Hawai?i. The traditional departure point would be used for subsequent sailings to Tahiti.
Legs
- Honolulu, O?ahu - Manele Bay, L?na?i - Kealaikahiki Point, Kaho?olawe, Hawai?i (map), United States - a point at sea, ninety miles south of Ka Lae, Hawai?i Island - Honolulu, Hawai?i, United States: 1 April 1977 to 10 April 1977
Crew
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; Crew: Teené Froiseth, Sam Ka?ai, Sam Kalalau, John Kruse, "Kimo" Lyman, Jerome "Jerry" Muller, Gordon Pi?ianai?a, Norman Pi?ianai?a, Michael A. Tongg*, Maka?ala Yates
Tahiti voyage (1978)
A second voyage to Tahiti was aborted when H?k?le?a capsized and swamped in high wind and seas southwest of the Island of Moloka?i, five hours after departing Honolulu's Ala Wai Harbor. The crew hung on to the swamped canoe through the night. Flares were unseen by passing aircraft; the emergency radio reached no help. By mid-morning, with no sign of imminent rescue and the swamped canoe drifting farther from land, Eddie Aikau, a North Shore, O?ahu, lifeguard of the year, 1977 Duke Kahanamoku champion and big-wave surfer, valiantly attempted to paddle a surfboard 12-15 miles (19-24 km) to L?na?i for help. About nine hours later, flares launched by the crew were spotted by a Hawaiian Airlines flight which circled H?k?le?a and radioed the United States Coast Guard ("USCG"). Half an hour later, a USCG search and rescue helicopter was hovering overhead; H?k?le?a crew was rescued. The following morning, the USCGC Cape Corwin towed the vessel, from 22 miles southwest of L??au Point, Moloka?i, back to Honolulu. Despite intensive land, air and sea search, Eddie Aikau was never seen again. H?k?le?a carries a plaque in his memory. Subsequent voyages were accompanied by an escort vessel.
Ala Wai Harbor, Honolulu, Hawai?i, United States bound for Pape?ete, Tahiti, French Polynesia: 16 March 1978 to 18 March 1978 (recovery followed by USCG investigation)
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; First Mate: Leon Paoa Sterling*; "Snake" Ah Hee, Edward Ryan Makua Hanai "Eddie" Aikau*, Charman Akina, M.D., Wedemeyer Au, Bruce Blankenfeld, Kilila Hugho, Sam Ka?ai, John Kruse, Marion Lyman, Buddy McGuire, Norman Pi?ianai?a, Curt Sumida, Teikihe?epo "Tava" Taupu.
Tahiti voyage (1980)
Nainoa Thompson recreated the 1976 voyage to Tahiti to become the first Native Hawaiian in modern times to navigate a canoe thousands of miles without instruments. Mau sailed as an observer. After 29 days at sea, before sighting Mataiva on the way to Tahiti, Mau offered Nainoa only one correction; of Nainoa's interpretation of sighting a land-based seabird in mid-morning flight. Such birds generally fly seaward for food at morning and return to land in the evening. While it can usually be assumed that land lies opposite the birds' morning flight direction, this bird spotted mid-morning (during nesting season), carried a fish in its beak. This detail suggested to Mau that the bird's morning flight was not away from land but toward it. The bird was not flying seaward to find more fish, but rather, was returning to land, to feed its young. Leading up to the voyage, an extensive, formal crew training program helped to ensure a safe voyage. Escort boat Ishka followed for safety.
Hilo, Hawai?i Island, United States - Pape?ete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 15 March 1980 to 17 April 1980
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Pi?ianai?a; Chad Kalepa Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Sam Ka?ai, Michael "Buddy" McGuire, Marion Lyman-Mersereau, Mau Piailug, Steve Somsen, Joanne Kahanamoku Sterling*, Leon Paoa Sterling, "Tava" Taupu; Patrick Koon Hung Pi?imauna Charles "Pat" Aiu, MD*
Pape?ete, Tahiti, French Polynesia - Honolulu, Hawai?i, United States: 13 May 1980 to 6 June 1980
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Pi?ianai?a; Wedemeyer Au, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Kainoa Lee, James "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Steven Somsen, Leon Paoa Sterling, Michael Tongg, Nathan Wong
Voyage of Rediscovery (1985-1987)
In the "Voyage of Rediscovery", H?k?le?a traveled 12,000 miles (19,000 km) to destinations throughout Polynesia. Inviting fellow Polynesians to join the crew on legs of the voyage extended H?k?le?a's success in revitalizing interest in Polynesian culture. For instance, professional Tongan sea captain Sione Taupeamuhu was aboard during a night passage from Tongatapu to Nomuka in the northerly Ha?apai Islands group of Tonga (map). He was skeptical that H?k?le?a navigator Nainoa Thompson could find Nomuka without instruments. When Nomuka appeared on the horizon at dawn as anticipated, Taupeamuhu remarked, "Now I can believe the stories of my ancestors." Dorcas and Maalea served as escort vessels.
Hawai?i Island, United States - Pape?ete, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 10 July 1985 to 11 August 1985
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann*, Dennis Chun, Richard Tai Crouch, Harry Ho, Dr. Larry Magnussen, "Buddy" McGuire, Mau Piailug, Thomas Reity (Satawal), James Shizuru, "Tava" Taupu
Pape?ete, Tahiti, French Polynesia - Rarotonga, Cook Islands (map): 30 August 1985 to 14 September 1985
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Pi?ianai?a; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Karim Cowan (Tahiti), Bob Krauss, John Kruse, Vic Lipman, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Abraham Pi?ianai?a, Chad Pi?ianai?a, Michael Tongg, Andrew Tutai (Cook Islands), Peter Sepelalur (Satawal), Leon Paoa Sterllng, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Cliff Watson. (Bob Krauss, journalist; Karim Cowan, and Puaniho Tauotaha were crew members only from Tahiti to Ra?iatea)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands - Waitangi, North Island, New Zealand (map): 21 November 1985 to 7 December 1985
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain and 1st Watch Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; 2nd Watch Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; 3rd Watch Captain: "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas); Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Dr. Ben Finney, Harry Ho, "Buddy" McGuire, "Billy" Richards, James Shizuru, Michael Tongg
Waitangi, New Zealand - Nuku?alofa, Tongatapu Island, Kingdom of Tonga : 1 May 1986 to 11 May 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Chad Baybayan, Philip Ikeda*, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)
Nuku?alofa, Tonga - Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, American Samoa (map): 23 May 1986 to 25 May 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Gilbert Ane, Gail Evenari (California), Chad Baybayan, Hector Busby (New Zealand), Philip Ikeda*, Sam Ka?ai, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Jo Anne Sterling, Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)
Ofu Island, American Samoa - Aitutaki, Cook Islands: 7 July 1986 to 16 July 1986
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Pauahi Ioane, Bernard Kilonsky, Ben Lindsey, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas)
Aitutaki - Rarotonga: 10 August 1986 to 11 August 1986
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Dede Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Wally" Froseith, Pauahi Ioane, "Jerry" Muller, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Rarotonga), Rio Tuiravakai (Aitutaki), Raukete Tuiravakai (Aitutaki)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands - Tautira, Tahiti Iti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 12 August 1986 to 21 August 1986
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Wallace "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Glen Oshiro, Mau Piailug, Richard Rhodes, Michael Tongg, Aaron Young
Tautira - Pape?ete, Tahiti Nui - Tautira: 27 March 1987 to 29 March 1987
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka, Chad Baybayan; "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Kilo Kaina, Michele Kapana, Will Kyselka, Russell Mau, Honolulu City Councilman Arnold Morgado; Abraham Pi?ianai?a, Tutaha Salmon (Tahiti), Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Aaron Young. Senator Akaka and Councilman Morgado joined the crew in Pape?ete.
Tautira, Tahiti Iti, Society Islands - Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotus (map): 2 April 1987 to 4 April 1987
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew; Chad Baybayan, Clay Bertelmann, "Wally" Froiseth, Rey Jonsson, Solomon Kaho?ohalahala, Will Kyselka, Charles Larson, Mel Paoa, Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Dr. Nathan Wong, Elisa Yadao, Aaron Young
Rangiroa, Tuamotus, French Polynesia - Kualoa, O?ahu (map), Hawai?i, United States: 24 April 1987 to 23 May 1987.
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Eni Hunkin (Samoa), Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), Dixon Stroup, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Elisa Yadao
No N? Mamo ('For the Children') (1992)
H?k?le?a sailed to Tahiti, Ra?iatea, and on to Rarotonga for the Sixth Festival of Pacific Arts, then, via Tahiti, sailed back to Hawai?i. This voyage, known as "No N? Mamo" or "For the Children", was designed to train a new generation of voyagers to sail H?k?le?a, to share values and knowledge of voyaging and to celebrate the revival of canoe building and non-instrument navigation. The voyage included an educational component allowing Hawaiian students to track the progress of the canoe through daily radio reports. Kama Hele escorted the voyage.
Honaunau, Hawai?i Island, United States - Pape?ete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 17 June 1992 to 15 July 1992
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Co-navigator; "Shorty" Bertelmann, Co-navigator; Clay Bertelmann, Captain; Nailima Ahuna, Fisherman; Dennis J. Chun, Historian; Maulili Dixon, Cook; Kainoa Lee; Liloa Long; Jay Paikai; Chadd Ka?onohi Paishon; Ben Tamura, M.D.; "Tava" Taupu
Pape?ete - Ra?iatea: 10 September 1992 to 16 September 1992
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Keahi Omai, Navigator; "Billy" Richards, Captain; Gilbert Ane; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Clement "Tiger" Espere*; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Sol Kahoohalahala; Dennis Kawaharada, Communications; Reggie Keaunui; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; Eric Martinson; Nalani Minton, Traditional Medicine; Esther Mookini, Hawaiian Language; Mel Paoa; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation; Nathan Wong, M.D.
Ra?iatea, Society Islands, French Polynesia - Mauke, Cook Islands - Aitutaki - Rarotonga: 20 September 1992 to 16 October 1992
Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Gordon Pi?ianai?a, Captain; Moana Doi, Photo Documentation; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Ben Finney, Scholar; "Wally" Froseith, Watch Captain; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Ka?au McKenney; Keahi Omai; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; "Billy" Richards, Watch Captain; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation Cook Islands Additional Crew: Clive Baxter (Aitutaki); Tura Koronui (Atiu); Dorn Marsters (Aitutaki); Tua Pittman (Rarotonga); Nga Pou?a?o (Mitiaro); Ma?ara Tearaua (Mangaia); Pe?ia Tua?ati (Mauke)
Rarotonga, Cook Islands - Pape?ete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia - Honaunau, Hawai?i Island, United States: 26 October 1992 to 1 December 1992
Co-navigators: Bruce Blankenfeld, "Kimo" Lyman; Captain: Michael Tongg; Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain and Cook: "Snake" Ah Hee; Watch Captain: Aaron Young; Ship's Doctor: Pat Aiu, M.D; Historian: Carlos Andrade; Fisherman: Terry Hee; Communications: Scott Sullivan; Crew: Archie Kalepa, Suzette Smith, Wallace Wong, Gary Yuen
N? ?Ohana Holo Moana ('The Voyaging Families of the Vast Ocean') (1995)
Spring voyage segment
In the spring, H?k?le?a, along with sister ships Hawai'iloa and Makali'i, sailed from Hawai?i to Tahiti. They participated in a gathering of voyaging canoes from across Oceania at nearby Marae Taputapuatea, Ra?iatea, which led to the lifting of a six-centuries-old tapu on voyaging from Ra?iatea. Then all the canoes returned to Tahiti, sailed to Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas and on to Hawai?i. This was only the first part of a voyage spanning spring and summer known as "N? ?Ohana Holo Moana" or The Voyaging Families of the Vast Ocean. H?k?le?a was escorted by Gershon II under Steve Kornberg; Rizaldar, under Randy Wichman, also escorted.
Hilo, Hawai?i Island, United States - Pape?ete, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia: 11 February 1995 to 4 March 1995
Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Ka?au McKenney, Keahi Omai; Crew: Shantell Ching, Junior Coleman, Catherine Fuller, Harry Ho, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur (son of Mau Piailug), Ben Tamura, MD; "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Kamaki Worthington. After H?k?le?a sighted Tikehau on 2 March 1995, Navigators Ka?au McKenney and Keahi Omai turned over navigation to their apprentices, Junior Coleman and Sesario Sewralur, who guided the vessel to landfall in Pape?ete, Tahiti.
Tautira, Tahiti - Fare, Huahine - Marae Taputapuatea, Ra?iatea - Taha?a - Tautira, Tahiti: 16 March 1995 to 24 March 1995
The crew may be the same as on the previous leg, but this is speculation.
Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands - Taiohae Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands: 6 April 1995 to 15 April 1995
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan;
Taiohae Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas, French Polynesia - Hilo, Hawai?i Island, United States: 20 April 1995 to 7 May 1995
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Co-assistant navigators: Moana Doi, Pi?ikea Miller; Watch Captains: "Snake" Ah Hee, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg; Medical Officer: Mel Paoa; Fisherman and Teacher: Nainoa Thompson; Cook: Gary Yuen; Crew: Clyde Aikau, Sam Pautu, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur, Gary Suzuki
Summer voyage segment
In the summer: H?k?le?a and Hawai'iloa sailed the West Coast of the United States. Both vessels were shipped from Hawai?i to Seattle, Washington, after which they sailed to Vancouver, British Columbia. They visited intermediate ports, where local American Indian tribes often hosted them to a dinner and gift exchange. From Vancouver, Hawai'iloa sailed as far north as Haines, Alaska. H?k?le?a sailed south to San Diego via Portland, Oregon, and the California ports of San Francisco, Santa Barbara, and Long Beach. The voyaging canoes were shipped back to Hawai?i: H?k?le?a from San Pedro; Hawai'iloa from Seattle. This summer part of the voyage promoted cultural and educational exchanges with Hawaiians (some of whom had never been to Hawai?i), Native Americans, and other people living on the United States West Coast.
Crew: Captains: Gordon Pi?ianai?a, "Kimo" Lyman, Michael Tongg, Chad Baybayan; Crew: Gil Ane, Beth Atuatasi (née Saurer), Moana Doi, Laulima Lyman, Leon Sterling, Matthew Tongg
Stops in the Puget Sound and Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca area
H?k?le?a visited:
- Pier 57, Seattle, Washington, United States: 19 May 1995 to 26 May 1995
H?k?le?a crew participated in National Maritime Week festivities and shared a dinner hosted by the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Suquamish nations and Wayfinders of the Pacific. - Golden Gardens, Shilshole Bay: 27 May 1995 to 28 May 1995
A potlatch with First Nations was shared with ho?olaule?a (celebration); H?k?le?a supported the Polynesian Youth Games hosted by Seattle Parks and Recreation - Chinook Landing Marina, Puyallup Nation, Tacoma: 28 May 1995 to 1 June 1995
As well as sharing educational outreach and cultural exchange, crew shared in a luau. - Suquamish Reservation: 1 June 1995 to 2 June 1995
- Lummi Nation, Bellingham: 3 June 1995 to 4 June 1995
- Squalicum Harbor, Bellingham: 5 June 1995
- Swinomish Reservation, Skagit, Washington, United States: 6 June 1995
- Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: 7 June 1995 to 8 June 1995
Exchange with the Assembly of First Nations - Makah Nation, Neah Bay, Washington, United States: 9 June 1995 to 11 June 1995
Neah Bay - Portland, Oregon: 12 June 1995 to 15 June 1995; Columbia River
H?k?le?a visited:
- Kalama, Washington where crew shared a dinner with Kalama ?Ohana: 16 June 1995
- Fort Vancouver, Washington public dock where H?k?le?a was part of a festival and the rededication of Kanaka Village: 17 June 1995 to 20 June 1995
Portland, Oregon - San Francisco, California: 21 June 1995 to 29 June 1995
H?k?le?a visited:
- Hyde Street Pier arrival for 1 July 1995 welcoming ceremony and festival at Crissy Field, 2 July 1995 Long Boat Regatta on the bay, Hawaiian music concert and Polynesian festival at Lawrence Hall of Science.
San Francisco - Santa Barbara: 3 July 1995 to 9 July 1995
H?k?le?a visited:
- Santa Barbara Harbor Marina: 10 July 1995 to 11 July 1995, interchange with the Santa Barbara Outrigger Canoe Club, Cousteau Institute, and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Santa Barbara - Long Beach: 11 July 1995 to 12 July 1995
H?k?le?a visited:
- Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council, Kalifornia Outrigger Association, Hawaiian Civic Clubs, the Rapa Nui Outrigger Club, and the City of Long Beach, on 12 July 1995;
- A two-day symposium with scholars, scientists, and master artisans called Century of the Pakipika, 13 July 1995 to 14 July 1995;
- A Hawaiian and Pacific Island Festival with teachers' workshops, the annual Long Beach Ho?olaule?a Canoe Regatta and a farewell dinner and ceremonies, 13 July 1995 to 19 July 1995
Long Beach - San Diego: 20 July 1995
H?k?le?a visited:
- Embarcadero, San Diego, there was a welcoming ceremony, 22 July 1995,
- A Hawaiian and Pacific Islands festival, and an exhibition, called:
- Hale Naua, or "Turning Back the Sky," at the San Diego Museum of Man, 23 July 1995 to 25 July 1995
San Diego - San Pedro: 26 July 1995 to 28 July 1995; from San Pedro, H?k?le?a returned to Hawai?i by ship, courtesy of Alexander & Baldwin Foundation and Matson.
Closing the Triangle (1999-2000)
H?k?le?a sailed from Hawai?i to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and back, via the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. While in the Marquesas, short trips were made between principal islands of the group (map). A brief stop was made at Pitcairn Island on the Mangareva - Rapa Nui leg. A technically challenging voyage due to Rapa Nui's isolation and location over 1,000 miles upwind; it is known as "Closing the Triangle" because it took the canoe to the southeastern Pacific for the first time. Kama Hele escorted the voyage.
?, United States Island, United States - Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia: 15 June 1999 to 13 July 1999
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Apprentice Navigator: Pi?ikea Miller; Watch Captains: Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Desmon Antone, Darcy Attisani, Kekama Helm, Ka?au McKenney, Atwood Makanani, Hau?oli Smith, Wallace Wong
Nuku Hiva - Ua Pou - Ua Huka - Tahuata - Fatu Hiva - Hiva Oa - Mangareva, Gambier Islands: 2 August 1999 to 29 August 1999
Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Apprentice Navigators: Moana Doi, Catherine Fuller; Student Navigator: Aldon Kim; Watch Captains: Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu; Protocol Officer: Kaniela Akaka; Crew: Tim Gilliom, Kealoha Hoe, Aeronwy Polo, Mona Shintani, Gary Suzuki, Nalani Wilson, Gary Yuen
Mangareva, French Polynesia - Pitcairn, Pitcairn Islands - Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Territory of Chile: 21 September 1999 to 9 October 1999
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Bruce Blankenfeld, Chad Baybayan; Medical Officer: Ben Tamura, MD; Photographer and Videographer: Sonny Ahuna; Crew: Shantell Ching, Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Max Yarawamai, Aaron Young
Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Territory of Chile - Tahiti, French Polynesia: 9 November 1999 to 3 December 1999
Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: "Wally" Froiseth; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Bob Bee, Blane Chong, Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Nalani Kaneakua, Kawika Crivello, Kealoha Hoe, "Kimo" Lyman, Kawai Warren, Kamaki Worthington
Tahiti, French Polynesia - Kaunakakai, Moloka?i, Hawai?i, United States: 5 February 2000 to 27 February 2000
Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Navigator: Shantell Ching; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Chad Baybayan, Pomaikalani "Pomai" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Sam Low, Joey Mallot, Kahualaulani Mick, Ka?iulani Murphy, Kau?i Pelekane, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Dr. Patrice Ming-Lei Tim Sing, Kona Woolsey
In 2003, H?k?le?a sailed to Nihoa, the closest of the "leeward," or Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (maps: small and large scale), to set the stage for the 2004 voyage to the furthest, most westerly of them, Kure Atoll. H?k?le?a's 2004 voyage took the canoe through the area now comprising the Papah?naumoku?kea Marine National Monument to promote stewardship and awareness of this area. H?k?le?a participated in an interagency initiative with this voyage named after it, called "Navigating Change". Upon reaching the remote islands, the crew helped remove hundreds of pounds of washed-up fishing nets that threatened Hawaiian monk seals and Hawaiian Green sea turtles and also helped with plant conservation. About 1,600 schoolchildren linked to the vessel by daily satellite phone calls. Teachers prepared with curriculum guides, video and web resources. Navigating Change was supported by US Fish & Wildlife Service, Polynesian Voyaging Society, Bishop Museum, NOAA, Hawai'i Department of Education, Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawai?i Maritime Center, University of Hawai?i, The Nature Conservancy, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Coastal Zone Management Hawai?i, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Harold K.L. Castle Foundation and the Pacific American Foundation. Kama Hele escorted the voyage.
Oahu - Kaua?i: 7 September 2003 to ?
Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Crew: Carey Amimoto, Anela Benson, Leimomi Dierks, Timmy Gilliom, Kiki Hugho, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Jerry Muller, Dean Nikaido, Mel Paoa, Ronson Sahut, Jan TenBruggencate, Boyd Yap
Kaua?i - Nihoa: 9 September 2003 to ?
Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Na?alehu Anthony, Bruce Blankenfeld, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Cindy Macfarlane, Mel Paoa, Jan TenBruggencate, Kana Uchino, Alex Wegman, Aulani Wilhelm
? Harbor, ?, Hawai?i - ?, Kaua?i: 2 May 2004 to 3 May 2004
Navigator: Ka?iulani Murphy; Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Jan TenBruggencate,
? Bay, Kaua?i - Nihoa Island - Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals - Laysan Island - Lisianski Island - Pearl and Hermes Atoll - Green Island, Kure Atoll - Midway Atoll: 23 May 2004 to 9 June 2004
Navigator: Ka?iulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Sailing Master: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Ann Bell; Leimomi Kekina Dierks, Randy Kosaki, Keoni Kuoha, Cherie Shehata, MD, "Tava" Taupu, Jan TenBruggencate, Kanako Uchino, Kaleo Wong
Midway Atoll - ?: 11 June 2004 to 22 June 2004
Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: Mel Paoa; Terry Hee, Kealoha Hoe, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Keoni Kuoha, Ka?iulani Murphy, "Tava" Taupu, Mike Taylor, Gary Yuen
? - ?, ?, : 23 June 2004 to 24 June 2004
Captain: Russell Amimoto; Gerald Aikau
One Ocean, One People (2007)
The One Ocean, One People theme united two voyages in celebration of Pacific voyaging, Pacific Islands, and cultural ties, in passages to Micronesia and Japan. These voyages were named K? Holo Mau and K? Holo L? Komohana. Kama Hele escorted the voyage.
K? Holo Mau
Accompanied by the canoe Alingano Maisu and specialized escort boat Kama Hele, (photo below, in gallery) H?k?le?a sailed from Hawai?i to the Federated States of Micronesia, 23 January to 7 April 2007. This voyage is known as "K? Holo Mau", or "Sail On, Sail Always, Sail Forever." While on the island of Satawal, the crew of the H?k?le?a presented the Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug. While at Satawal, some H?k?le?a navigators who had proven their mastery of non-instrument sailing and navigation over many ocean passages were inducted into Pwo, pronounced "poh." This was the first Pwo ceremony on Satawal in five decades, and the first time Polynesians were inducted.
Kawaihae, Hawai?i Island, United States - Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands: 23 January 2007 to 18 February 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Ben Tamura; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Bob Bee, Terry Hee, Nohea Kai?okamalie, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright
Marshall Islands, Republic of the Marshall Islands - Federated States of Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia: 21 February 2007 to 28 February 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Gerald Akaka; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Terry Hee, Nohea Kai?okamalie, Gary Kubota, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright
Pohnpei - Chuuk: 6 March 2007 to 9 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi
Chuuk - Satawal, Yap State: 11 March 2007 to 21 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi
Satawal - Woleai Atoll: 19 March 2007 to 21 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi
Woleai - Ulithi Atoll: 21 March 2007 to 23 March 2007
Navigator: Ka?iulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi
Ulithi - Yap Island: 21 March 2007 to 23 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Na?alehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Dr. Thane Hancock, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi
Colonia, Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia - Palau (map): 29 March 2007 to 31 March 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Na?alehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Tommy Remengesau (President of Palau), Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon, Jennifer Yano
Palau - Colonia, Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia: 5 April 2007 to 7 April 2007
Navigator: Ka?iulani Murphy; Captain: Na?alehu Anthony; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Nainoa Thompson; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon
K? Holo L? Komohana
From Yap, the H?k?le?a sailed to Yokohama, Japan, from 11 April 2007 to 8 June 2007. Upon sighting Ky?sh?, navigation of coastal and inland seas utilized landmarks and aids to navigation. From departure to landfall at Okinawa, Japan, H?k?le?a was guided by Nainoa Thompson. Chad Baybayan then guided the vessel to further stops at Amami, Uto, Nomozaki, Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Shinmoji marina in Moji-ku, Iwaishima and Su?-?shima (?shima). Nainoa Thompson resumed as captain for stops at Miyajima and Hiroshima (image). Bruce Blankenfeld took over for stops at Uwajima, Muroto, Miura and Kamakura before concluding the voyage in Yokohama. This voyage is known as "K? Holo L? Komohana", or Sail On to the Western Sun. While H?k?le?a was shipped back to Honolulu, escort vessel Kama Hele sailed back to O?ahu under German Captain Mike Weindl with six Japanese crewmembers.
Yap, Federated States of Micronesia - Okinawa, Japan 11 April 2007 to 23 April 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Takuji Araki (Japan), Pomai Bertelmann, Timi Gilliom, Kaina Holomalia, Attwood Makanani, Ka?iulani Murphy, Maile Neff, Chadd Ka?onohi Paishon, Dr. Pete Roney, Kanaka Uchino (Japan).
Okinawa - ?shima 28 April 2007 to 19 May 2007
Captain: Chad Baybayan; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Kalepa "Kala" Baybayan, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Derek Ferrar, Timmy Gilliom, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Ka?onohi Paishon, Maka?ala Rawlins, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Van K. Warren
?shima - Uwajima 26 May 2007 to 27 May 2007
Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain: Ka?iulani Murphy; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Nanea Baird, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Ka?onohi Paishon, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Sky Takemoto, Kanako Uchino, Van K. Warren
Uwajima - Yokohama 3 June 2007 to 9 June 2007
Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Senior Officers: Norman Pi?ianai?a, "Tava" Taupu; Watch Captain: Na?alehu Anthony; Crew: Takuji Araki, Chris Baird, Dennis Kawaharada, Attwood Makanani, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Patti-Ann Solomon; Watch Captain: Ka?iulani Murphy; Crew: Pomai Bertelmann, Dean Nikaido, Chadd Ka?onohi Paishon, Leighton Tseu (representing the Royal Order of Kamehameha), Kanako Uchino, Kiyotsugu Yoshida (Sunset Films)
Malama Honua (worldwide voyage) (2014-2017)
Legs
- Polynesia, May 2014 - April 2015
- Malama Hawai?i: Statewide Sail
- Hawai?i - Tahiti
- Tahiti - Samoa
- Apia and Phoenix Islands
- Tutuila to Aotearoa
- Aotearoa I
- [Australia and] Indian Ocean, May 2015 - December 2015
- Including Sydney
- July 2015: Great Barrier Reef
- August 2015: Bali
- September 2015: Mauritius
- November 2015: South Africa
- Atlantic and Caribbean, January 2016 - February 2016
- January 2016 St. Helena, en route to Brazil
- March 2016 US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean
- March 2016 Havana, Cuba
- 'N. America & Canada', April 2016 - December 2016
- April 2016 interior waterways of Florida
- April 2016 NASA Kennedy Space Center
- May 2016 Washington, D.C.
- June 2016 New York City
- June 2016 Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine
- July 2016 Mystic Seaport
- July 2016 Martha's Vineyard
- July 2016 Mt Desert, Maine
- August 2016 Nova Scotia and the Bay of Fundy
- September 2016 (Great Lakes journey) Great Lakes and Ontario, Canada.
- September 2016 Glens Falls, NY.
- October 2016 Virginia (Dry docked for maintenance, and on display)
- December 2016 Miami
- December 2016 towards the Panama Canal
- January 2017 'reached Panama this week'
- Pacific Return January 2017 - June 2017
- January 2017 Back in the Pacific after two-day transit through the Panama Canal
- February 2017 Galapagos
- March 2017 Rapa Nui
- April 2017 Tahiti
- June 2017 Hawai'i: Homecoming
- Homecoming, Magic Island, O?ahu June 17, 2017.
Images
See also
- Hawai?iloa
- History of the Pacific Islands
- Pacific Islands
- Polynesian navigation
- Experimental archaeology
- Hokule?a class starship, about a class of starships in the Star Trek series named after the Hokule?a
Notes
- * Shown at first mention of the crew person's name, denotes this person has died.
- For voyages across the International Date Line, dates shown below are standardized on Hawai'i time.
Footnotes
References
- Finney, Ben; Among, Marlene; et al. (1994). Voyage of Rediscovery: A Cultural Odyssey through Polynesia. Illustrations by Richard Rhodes. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08002-5.
- Goodell, Lela (1989). "Polynesian Voyaging Society: Introduction" (PDF). A Guide to the Archives of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and Voyages of the H?k?le?a, (in English and Hawaiian). The Kamehameha Schools. pp. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- Thompson, Nainoa (2006) [First published 1996]. "Reflections on Mau Piailug: Master Navigator, Master Teacher". Ku Holo Mau: 2007 Voyage to Micronesia for Mau Piailug. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2012-09-04. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) (Archived by WebCite at )
- Kyselka, Will; Thompson, Nainoa. Lindo, Cecilia Kapua; Mower, Nancy Alpert, eds. "Kealaikahiki: A New Look at Old Routes" (PDF). Polynesian Seafaring Heritage. Map by Ray Lanterman. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
External links
- Brief introduction to navigating by the stars
- H?k?le'a - Star of Gladness on YouTube.com, performed by the Hawaiian artist Israel Kamakawiwo?ole
- Honolulu Advertiser H?k?le'a Voyage Special
- Sam Low's Voyages of Awakening, 25 years of H?k?le'a'
- Polynesian Voyaging Society website
- Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions on Kapi'olani Community College website
- Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions section on the building, launching of H?k?le'a
- Public Broadcasting Service website for Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey, a film about the ancient Polynesian sea voyaging tradition
- Uncle Charlie's personal website on H?k?le'a, by Charles Kauluwehi Maxwell Sr.
- H?k?le'a Worldwide Voyage
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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